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Skin Cancers: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma & Melanoma

Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer globally, especially in regions with high sun exposure. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes.

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Skin Cancer(1)

What are Skin Cancers?

Skin cancers develop when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably. Unlike benign skin growths, these malignant lesions can invade surrounding tissues or metastasize if left untreated. The three primary types of skin cancer include:

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – The most common, slow-growing and least likely to spread.
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Less common than BCC but more likely to spread if not managed early.
  • Melanoma – The most dangerous form, known for its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential.

Symptoms of Skin Cancers

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• Pearly or waxy bumps, often with visible blood vessels
• Flat, flesh-coloured or brown scar-like lesions
• Bleeding or scabbing sores that heals and reopens

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

• Firm, red nodules
• Flat sores with scaly, crusted surfaces
• Warts that grow or bleed
• Lesions on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck and hands

Melanoma

• A change in an existing mole
• A new pigmented or unusual-looking growth
• Asymmetrical mole with irregular borders
• Colour variations within the same lesion (black, brown, red, white or blue)
• Moles larger than 6 mm or evolving in shape or size

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. However, several other risk factors include:

  • Chronic sun exposure
  • Family history of skin cancer
  • Weakened immune system
  • Genetic mutations, particularly in the case of melanoma
  • Fair skin, light eyes and light hair
  • History of sunburns
  • Exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals
skincaner

Diagnosis of Skin Cancer

Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in successful treatment. At SkinAccess Clinics, we follow a systematic approach:

1. Clinical Examination – A full-body skin check using a dermascope to inspect suspicious lesions.
2. Biopsy – The definitive test where a sample of the suspicious lesion is taken and sent for histopathological analysis.
3. Imaging (for advanced cases) – CT scans or PET scans may be recommended if metastasis is suspected, especially in melanoma.

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Management & Treatment Options

At SkinAccess Clinics, we provide excellent medical diagnosis and have partnered with advance oncology centres with the aim of providing our patients with the best chance at successfully fighting their ailment.

➥ Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

  • Surgical Excision – Most common and effective treatment with clear margin removal.
  • Cryotherapy – Freezing small, superficial lesions.
  • Topical Medications – Imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil for selected low-risk lesions.
  • Laser or Photodynamic Therapy – In select non-invasive cases.

➥ Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

  • Wide Local Excision – Removing the cancerous lesion with surrounding tissue.
  • Mohs Micrographic Surgery – Highly effective for high-risk or facial lesions.
  • Radiotherapy – For inoperable or recurrent tumors.
  • Systemic Therapy – For metastatic SCC.

➥ Melanoma

  • Surgical Excision with Wide Margins – Essential for early-stage melanoma.
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy – To check for spread in intermediate and high-risk melanoma.
  • Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy – For advanced or metastatic melanoma.
  • Regular Surveillance – Ongoing follow-up is crucial to detect recurrence or new lesions early.

➥ Prevention and Self-Care Tips

  • Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) daily
  • Avoid tanning beds and excessive midday sun exposure
  • Wear protective clothing, hats and sunglasses
  • Perform monthly self-skin checks
  • Get an annual skin check by a dermatologist, especially if you’re high-risk

Conclusion

Skin cancer can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. With regular skin checks, protective measures and access to modern treatments, most cases are highly manageable. If you notice any suspicious skin changes or lesions, it is vital to consult a qualified dermatologist promptly. At SkinAccess Clinics, we offer advanced diagnostics and partner with advanced oncology treatment facilities for all types of skin cancers, ensuring personalized care with the highest medical standards. For expert consultation and skin cancer screening, book your appointment at SkinAccess Clinics today. Let’s ensure your skin health is always in safe hands.

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